The section ‘EDAIC, FRCA, FCAI MCQs’ covers a different topic each day with the intent that candidates can prepare one small topic each day, making steady progress in their exam preparation.
Question: True statements regarding hyperkalaemia include:
- Effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle are the most important effects of hyperkalemia.
- Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and hypernatremia accentuate the cardiac effects of hyperkalemia.
- Higher levels are tolerated in chronic hyperkalemia compared to an acute K+ rise.
- Acidosis can cause hyperkalemia even with normal total body potassium
- Highly elevated white cell or platelet counts can cause spurious hyperkalaemia.
Explanation:
- Hyperkalaemia is defined as a serum potassium level of > 5.5 mEq/L.
- Hyperkalemia exceeding 6 mEq/L has lethal potential, especially if it has risen acutely, and should always be corrected prior to an elective anaesthetic.
- Effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle are the most important effects of hyperkalemia. Skeletal muscle weakness is generally seen when plasma [K+] is greater than 8 mEq/L. Cardiac manifestations are typically seen when plasma [K+] is greater than 7 mEq/L, and electrocardiographic changes progress sequentially.
- Hypocalcemia, acidosis, and hyponatremia accentuate the cardiac effects of hyperkalemia.
Causes:
- Decreased renal potassium excretion
- Renal failure
- Decreased mineralocorticoid activity and impaired Na+ reabsorption
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Potassium-sparing diuretics/ Spironolactone/ ACE inhibitors/ ARBs/ Amiloride/ Triamterene
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Pentamidine/ Trimethoprim
- Extracellular Potassium Shifts:
- Acidosis
- Insulin deficiency
- Digitalis toxicity
- Beta-blockers
- Exercise
- Suxamethonium
- Enhanced Chloride reabsorption
- Gordon syndrome
- Cyclosporine
- Pseudo/ spurious-hyperkalemia
- Red cell hemolysis
- Marked leukocytosis/thrombocytosis
- Increased potassium intake
- Salt substitutes
Answers:
- true
- false
- true
- true
- true
Cardiopulmonary bypass Module
-
- The basic CPB circuitry.
- Myocardial injury and preservation during CPB.
- Conduct and complications of CPB.
- The perioperative considerations surrounding the management of a patient undergoing CPB.
ANAESTHETIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES (CIEDs)
Cardiovascular physiology module by targetedaic
Targetedaic course modules are an excellent resource for EDAIC and FRCA exam preparation. Our modules are based on the syllabus and frequently asked questions in EDAIC-MCQ and viva examinations. The study material is designed to be a one-point reference for all your study needs for a topic and are available as separate chapters or combined system-based modules for your convenience and to suit your need. Feel free to contact us for any queries.
Need some more practice. Click here for more free MCQs uploaded on the site.
The candidates sitting in the current examination or preparing for next year should try and read about the asked topic in daily ‘EDAIC-MCQ’ and indulge in active discussion with fellow students. In addition, you can join our Facebook group to stay updated with targetedaic content and MCQ discussion.
The ‘EDAIC, FRCA, FCAI MCQs’ section covers a different topic each day with the intent that candidates can prepare one small topic each day, making steady progress in their exam preparation.
